{"id":1740,"date":"2022-01-30T14:54:33","date_gmt":"2022-01-30T13:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelecrevecoeur.ch\/?page_id=1740"},"modified":"2022-01-30T15:00:34","modified_gmt":"2022-01-30T14:00:34","slug":"holly-leaf","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/michelecrevecoeur.ch\/?page_id=1740","title":{"rendered":"Holly Leaf"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Cross section in a leaf of\u00a0<\/strong>Ilex<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>aquifolium<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(Holly)<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Holly is an evergreen shrub, with dark green, leathery, glossy leaves. The leaf margins are entire, but the leaves are spiny, the edge of the blade being covered with teeth, a defense against herbivores.
On a same plant a variation of leaf forms can be observed, and this is known as heterophylly: some leaves are prickly while others are non-prickly with smooth margins.<\/p>

The leaf is bifacial with upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces differing from each other.\u00a0Under the light microscope the mesophyll is heterogeneous (see below) with palisade parenchyma toward the adaxial face and spongy parenchyma towards the abaxial face.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The sections below are paraffin sections (8 \u03bcm thick) stained with safranin \u2013 alcian blue. The cuticle and the fibers are stained red and tissues with cellulosic walls (parenchyma, epidermis) are stained blue.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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1: Cuticle
2: epidermis of adaxial face
3: hypodermis
4: pallisade arenchyma
5: fibers associated to a vascular bundle
6: spongy parenchyma
7: stomata
8: epidermis of the abaxial face<\/p>

In parenchyma cells the chloroplasts are stained red<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Below:\u00a0<\/span>on the left<\/strong>\u00a0epidermis of the adaxial face, hypodermis, and palisade parenchyma (chloroplasts in red).\u00a0<\/span>On the right<\/strong>\u00a0part of the section with strands of fibers (F) that are responsible of the leathery aspect of the leaf. We also note the xylem vessels and fibers in both cross and longitudinal section. Cu: cuticle. Pl: spongy parenchyma.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a0<\/span>Characteristics of the section:<\/strong>\u00a0thick cuticle for both epidermis; an hypodermis under adaxial epidermis ; two different parenchyma in the mesophyll\u00a0; strands of fibers and stomata on the abaxial epidermis.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cross section in a leaf of\u00a0Ilex\u00a0aquifolium\u00a0(Holly) Holly is an evergreen shrub, with dark green, leathery, glossy leaves. The leaf margins are entire, but the leaves are spiny, the edge of the blade being covered with teeth, a defense against herbivores.On a same plant a variation of leaf forms can be observed, and this is known […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1740","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHolly Leaf - Mich\u00e8le Cr\u00e8vecoeur<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Holly is an evergreen shrub, with dark green, leathery, glossy leaves. 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